Religion was practiced by seventy three percent. Fifty seven percent were Roman Catholic, thirty four percent were Protestant. Forty had high school diplomas, eighteen were in B.A. and B.S. programs, eleven had Master's degrees, six were in master's programs, six had less than high school education, two had Ph.D. degrees.

Roback et al. (1976) reported on the psychopathology of ten female sex change applicants, whom they contrasted with two control groups of females: an outpatient psychiatric group and a surgery group. (The MMPI was used as the criterion of psychopathology.) They concluded that while the ten female sex change applicants had "more than the usual psychological debilities," their MMPI scores contraindicated a severe neurosis of psychosis.

While Pauly noted that biological factors such as chromosomal disorders and physical disease (e.g. Stein Leventhail syndrome) may play a role in the activation of a female gender identity disorder, he believed that the etiology of female transsexualism, while not fully known, was probably related to "certain intrafamily dynamics in the development of female transsexualism."

In 1974 Pauly published two articles on female transsexualism which have served as the major resource for researchers and clinicians. In those articles he reviewed the world literature on female transsexuals which consisted of descriptions of eighty cases. The cases were all reanalysed post hoc using a 102 item instrument (which was not presented). Additionally, he provided a substantial bibliography for future researchers.

In 1973, at the Second Interdisciplinary Symposium on Gender Dysphoria Syndrome at Stanford University Medical Center, Pauly attempted to provide a composite picture of the average female transsexual patient who was being evaluated at gender identity clinics throughout the world.

Christodorescu (1971) presented the case of an adopted, adolescent female transsexual (age 18) whose adoptive mother was described as a psychopath (who had been separated from her mother from ages 1 to 10). The patient had a turbulent early childhood and a history of tomboyism (with cross-dressing beginning actively at age 11).

Warner and Lahn (1970) reported on a case of a 28 year old white Catholic South African woman. The patient was the fourth of four siblings, having an older brother and two older sisters, and was virtually an only child because of the age gap. Three years prior to her birth, the mother had aborted a male fetus and the husband had put pressure on her to become pregnant again In order to have another male child.

Leger et al. (1969), reviewing the literature on transsexualism, noted that: "The majority of the cases reported in the literature focus on male transsexualism; [and that] observations of female transsexualism are quite rare." They presented a case history of a young woman, Anny, who was referred to them for evaluation for hormone therapy and SRS. A picture of Anny in male clothing accompanies the article.

With the publication of Green and Money's Transsexualism and Sex Reassignment (1969), clinicians were provided with the first source book for evaluating, diagnosing, and treating people with profound gender identity disturbances (i.e. diagnosed transsexuals). Only two of fourteen chapters, however, focused on female transsexuals, and one of those (Money and Brennan, 1969) had been previously published (two other chapters of the remaining eighteen focused on surgical aspects, which will discuss later).

Money and Brennan (1968) reported on the gender identity of six female patients whom they labeled as transsexuals. Indeed, five had undergone a mastectomy and hysterectomy. Three patients had also begun surgery for the construction of an artificial penis. The patients were older than their male counterparts (i.e. male transsexuals in their program) with the average age being 37.5 years (range 32 51), and were of bright normal intelligence (IQ range 97 131).